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1 internal heat source
внутренний источник теплотыАнгло-русский словарь технических терминов > internal heat source
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2 internal heat source
1) Техника: внутренний источник теплоты2) Макаров: внутренний тепловой источник -
3 internal heat source
English-russian dictionary of physics > internal heat source
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4 source
1) источник2) отправитель ( сообщений)3) исток, истоковая область ( полевого транзистора)6) исходный•-
ac source
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acoustic source
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adjustable voltage source
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air-gun source
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alternative energy sources
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area electron source
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audio source
-
band-shaped heat source
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central heat source
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chemical current source
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chemical source of electric energy
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cold cathode source
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color black source
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compressional source
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constant-current welding source
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constant-potential welding source
-
constant-power welding source
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constant-voltage welding source
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controllable voltage source
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current source
-
data source
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dc source
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decaying source
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diffused sources
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diffusion source
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dipole source
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dislocation source
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distant radiation source
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dopant source
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duoplasmatron ion source
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dust source
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dynamite source
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earthquake source
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electrical potential source
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electron bombardment ion source
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emergency source
-
emission source
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energy source
-
ergodic source
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evaporation source
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excitation source
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explosion source
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external heat source
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external noise source
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extragalaxy source
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extraterrestrial energy source
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far infrared source
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feed source
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field ion source
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FIR source
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fossil-fueled heat source
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galaxy source
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gas-discharge light source
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Gaussian source
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grounded-wire source
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hammer energy source
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hammer source
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harmonic source
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heat source
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high-temperature heat source
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high-voltage source
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hollow cathode source
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horn-type source
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hot cathode source
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ideal current source
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ideal voltage source
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image source
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impulse source
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impulsive energy source
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impurity source
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indirect pollution source
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infinite line source
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infrared source
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intermittent light source
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internal heat source
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interplanetary source
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intrinsic noise source
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ion source
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IR source
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jamming source
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key source
-
land-based source
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laser source
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light source
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line heat source
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line pollution source
-
line source
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logging source
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long-wave infrared source
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loop source
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low-temperature heat source
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luminescent light source
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magnetron sputtering source
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man-made radiation source
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marine energy source
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maritime pollution source
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memory source
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memoryless source
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message source
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midwave infrared source
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mobile pollution source
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monochromatic source
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moving heat source
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multibeam ion source
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natural radiation source
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near infrared source
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near-surface source
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neutron source
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NIR source
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noise source
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noise-like source
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nonconventional power sources
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nonexplosive source
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nonnuclear energy source
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nonterrestrial energy source
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nuclear energy source
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nuclear heat source
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object source
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optical source
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part program source
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percussion-type source
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percussion source
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photochemical pollution source
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photovoltaic power source
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picture source
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plasma ion source
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plasmatron ion source
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point fission source
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point heat source
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point light source
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point source
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pollution energy source
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pollution source
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pollution-free energy source
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power-supply source
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program source
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projection light source
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pumping source
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quasi-stellar radio source
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quasi-stellar source
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radiation source
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radio-noise source
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reactive power source
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reactor source
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reference source
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reference-voltage source
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refrigeration source
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regulated dc source
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renewable energy sources
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renewable fuel source
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seismic energy source
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seismic source
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shock source
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short-wave infrared source
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shot source
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signal source
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solar power source
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sound source
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source of cold
-
source of energy
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source of heat
-
source of radiation
-
source of river
-
spark light source
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spark source
-
spotlight source
-
standard light source
-
standard neutron source
-
start-up neutron source
-
stationary source
-
surface heat source
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telluric source
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terrestrial energy source
-
thermal source
-
thermoelectric power source
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thermoelectric source
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thermophotovoltaic power source
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transportation pollution source
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ultraviolet source
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underwater source
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uniform light source
-
unit-strength source
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UV source
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vibration source
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vibroseis source
-
video source
-
virtual source
-
voltage source
-
water source
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weak source -
5 heat
1) жар
2) жаровой
3) забег
4) каление
5) нагревать
6) накаливать
7) натапливать
8) натопить
9) обогревать
10) плавочный
11) подогрев
12) подогревать
13) тепло
14) тепловоспринимающий
15) тепловый
16) теплозащитный
17) теплообменный
18) теплота
19) тепловой
20) тепловая энергия
21) нагреваться
22) накаливаться
23) греть
24) калильный
25) жаровый
26) котел
27) накалить
28) теплоемкость
29) калория
– accumulation of heat
– available heat
– blow heat
– bring to red heat
– by-product heat
– cold heat
– convection heat
– cupola heat
– diverted heat
– evaporation heat
– external heat
– finishing off a heat
– generate heat
– heat abstraction
– heat ageing
– heat balance
– heat barrier
– heat blower
– heat capacity
– heat carrier
– heat chamber
– heat conducting
– heat conduction
– heat conductivity
– heat conductor
– heat consumer
– heat content
– heat demand
– heat detector
– heat differential
– heat dissipation
– heat emission
– heat energy
– heat engine
– heat engineering
– heat exchange
– heat exchanger
– heat exchanging
– heat filter
– heat finishing
– heat flow
– heat generation
– heat generator
– heat input
– heat insulation
– heat log
– heat model
– heat of combustion
– heat of formation
– heat of superheat
– heat of vaporization
– heat peeling
– heat pick-up
– heat pipe
– heat production
– heat productivity
– heat rate
– heat rating
– heat rays
– heat recovery
– heat regeneration
– heat removal
– heat removing
– heat requirement
– heat resistance
– heat run
– heat sample
– heat schedule
– heat shield
– heat shielding
– heat shock
– heat sink
– heat source
– heat sterilization
– heat storage
– heat stress
– heat supply
– heat supplying
– heat tapping
– heat test
– heat time
– heat transfer
– heat transmission
– heat transmitting
– heat transport
– heat treatment
– heat utilization
– heat waves
– internal heat
– Joulean heat
– latent heat
– liberate heat
– low heat value
– low-grade heat
– melting heat
– overblow heat
– pour heat
– progress of heat
– quantity of heat
– radiant heat
– radiogenic heat
– recover heat
– red heat
– residual heat
– resistance to heat
– sensible heat
– specific heat
– store heat
– surplus heat
– total heat
– utilize heat
– viscous heat
– waste heat
– waste-gas heat
– welding heat
– work the heat
ablation heat shield — <cosm.> экран тепловой эрозионный
counter-current heat exchanger — противоточный теплообменник
cross-flow heat exchanger — теплообменник с перекрестным током
float-head heat exchanger — теплообменник с плавающей головкой
heat exchange coefficient — <phys.> коэффициент теплообмена
heat transfer coefficient — <phys.> коэффициент теплоотдачи, коэффициент теплопередачи
intermediate heat exchanger — <engin.> теплообменник промежутночный
mechanical equivalent of heat — механический эквивалент тепла
U-tube heat exchanger — теплообменник с У-образными трубками
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6 внутренний источник теплоты
internal heat sourceБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > внутренний источник теплоты
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7 внутренний источник теплоты
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > внутренний источник теплоты
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8 geothermal energy
геотермальная энергия
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
geothermal energy
An energy produced by tapping the earth's internal heat. At present, the only available technologies to do this are those that extract heat from hydrothermal convection systems, where water or steam transfer the heat from the deeper part of the earth to the areas where the energy can be tapped. The amount of pollutants found in geothermal vary from area to area but may contain arsenic, boron, selenium, lead, cadmium, and fluorides. They also may contain hydrogen sulphide, mercury, ammonia, radon, carbon dioxide, and methane. (Source: KOREN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > geothermal energy
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9 system
система; комплекс; средство; способ; метод; сеть (напр. дорог) ;aiming-navigation system (analog, digital) — прицельно-навигационная система (аналоговая, цифровая)
air observation, acquisition and fire control system — (бортовая) система воздушной разведки, засечки целей и управления огнем
air support aircraft ECM (equipment) system — (бортовая) система РЭП для самолетов авиационной поддержки
airborne (ground) target acquisition and illumination laser system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и подсветки (наземных) целей
airborne (ground) targeting and laser designator system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и целеуказания (наземных целей)
airborne laser illumination, ranging and tracking system — ав. бортовая система лазерной подсветки, определения дальности и сопровождения цели
artillery (nuclear) delivery system — артиллерийская система доставки (ядерного) боеприпаса (к цели)
C2 system — система оперативного управления; система руководства и управления
C3 system — система руководства, управления и связи; система оперативного управления и связи
channel and message switching (automatic) communications system — АСС с коммутацией каналов и сообщений
country-fair type rotation system (of instruction) — метод одновременного обучения [опроса] нескольких учебных групп (переходящих от одного объекта изучения к другому)
dual-capable (conventional/nuclear) weapon delivery system — система доставки (обычного или ядерного) боеприпаса к цели
electromagnetic emitters identification, location and suppression system — система обнаружения, опознавания и подавления источников электромагнитных излучений [излучающих РЭС]
field antimissile (missile) system — полевой [войсковой] ПРК
fire-on-the-move (air defense) gun system — подвижный зенитный артиллерийский комплекс для стрельбы в движении [на ходу]
fluidic (missile) control system — ркт. гидравлическая [струйная] система управления полетом
forward (area) air defense system — система ПВО передового района; ЗРК для войсковой ПВО передового района
graduated (availability) operational readiness system — Бр. система поэтапной боевой готовности (частей и соединений)
high-resolution satellite IR detection, tracking and targeting system — спутниковая система с ИК аппаратурой высокой разрешающей способности для обнаружения, сопровождения целей и наведения средств поражения
ICBM (alarm and) early warning satellite system — спутниковая система обнаружения пусков МБР и раннего предупреждения (средств ПРО)
information storage, tracking and retrieval system — система накопления, хранения и поиска информации
instantaneous grenade launcher (armored vehicle) smoke system — гранатомет (БМ) для быстрой постановки дымовой завесы
Precision Location [Locator] (and) Strike system — высокоточная система обеспечения обнаружения и поражения целей; высокоточный разведывательно-ударный комплекс
rapid deceleration (parachute) delivery system — парашютная система выброски грузов с быстрым торможением
real time, high-resolution reconnaissance satellite system — спутниковая разведывательная система с высокой разрешающей способностью аппаратуры и передачей информации в реальном масштабе времени
received signal-oriented (output) jamming signal power-adjusting ECM system — система РЭП с автоматическим регулированием уровня помех в зависимости от мощности принимаемого сигнала
sea-based nuclear (weapon) delivery system — система морского базирования доставки ядерного боеприпаса к цели
small surface-to-air ship self-defense (missile) system — ЗРК ближнего действия для самообороны корабля
Status Control, Alerting and Reporting system — система оповещения, контроля и уточнения состояния [боевой готовности] сил и средств
surface missile (weapon) system — наземный [корабельный] РК
target acquisition, rapid designation and precise aiming system — комплекс аппаратуры обнаружения цели, быстрого целеуказания и точного прицеливания
— ABM defense system— antimissile missile system— central weapon system— countersurprise military system— laser surveying system— tank weapon system— vertical launching system— weapons system -
10 resistance
1) сопротивление; сопротивляемость; прочность (см. тж
strength.)2) стойкость, устойчивость3) эл. (активное) сопротивление4) резистор•resistance in waves — сопротивление ( судна) при ходе на волнении;resistance to case — сопротивление относительно корпуса, сопротивление относительно земли;resistance to corrosion fatigue — коррозионно-усталостная прочность;resistance to pit corrosion — сопротивление питтинговой коррозии;resistance to poisoning — стойкость ( катализатора) к отравлению;-
abrasion resistance
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abrasive wear resistance
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abrasive resistance
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ac resistance
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acid resistance
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acoustic resistance
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active resistance
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aerodynamic resistance
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aging resistance
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air resistance
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alkali resistance
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antenna resistance
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antiinterference resistance
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apparent resistance
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appendages resistance
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arc resistance
-
armature resistance
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ascent resistance
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asynchronous resistance
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back resistance
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bacterial resistance
-
balancing resistance
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ballast resistance
-
bare-hull resistance
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barrier-layer resistance
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bearing resistance
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bending resistance
-
bleeder resistance
-
block resistance
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blocking resistance
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body resistance
-
bond resistance
-
booster resistance
-
bossing resistance
-
brake resistance
-
branch resistance
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brittle fracture resistance
-
brush resistance
-
buckling resistance
-
bulk resistance
-
burden resistance
-
calibrating resistance
-
calm-water resistance
-
cathode-interface layer resistance
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cathode-interface resistance
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channel resistance
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charging resistance
-
chemical resistance
-
climbing resistance
-
cohesive resistance
-
coil resistance
-
cold resistance
-
collapse resistance
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commutation wear resistance
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compressive resistance
-
concussion resistance
-
contact pressure resistance
-
contact resistance
-
corona resistance
-
corrosion resistance
-
coupling resistance
-
crack growth resistance
-
crack initiation resistance
-
crack resistance
-
creep resistance
-
criticalbuild-up resistance
-
crushing resistance
-
cubic resistance
-
curving resistance
-
cutting resistance
-
dark resistance
-
dc copper resistance
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dc resistance
-
dead resistance
-
decoupling resistance
-
deep-water resistance
-
devitrification resistance
-
dielectric resistance
-
differential resistance
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diffusion resistance
-
dirtiness resistance
-
discharge resistance
-
displacement resistance
-
distributed resistance
-
drag resistance
-
dynamic resistance
-
earth-connection resistance
-
eddy-making resistance
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eddy resistance
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edge tearing resistance
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effective resistance
-
elastic resistance
-
electrical resistance
-
electrode resistance
-
electrolytic resistance
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end resistance
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environmental resistance
-
equivalent resistance
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erosion resistance
-
erosive wear resistance
-
etch resistance
-
fatigue resistance
-
fault resistance
-
field resistance
-
field-coil resistance
-
filament resistance
-
fire resistance
-
flange resistance
-
flat crush resistance
-
flexing resistance
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flexural resistance
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flow resistance
-
folding resistance
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footing resistance
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forward resistance
-
fracture extension resistance
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frame resistance
-
free rolling resistance
-
freeze resistance
-
freeze-thaw resistance
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freezing resistance
-
friction heat resistance
-
frost resistance
-
fungus resistance
-
glass attack resistance
-
go-and-return resistance
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grease hardening resistance
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head resistance
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heat resistance
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heat-transfer resistance
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hf resistance
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hot-corrosion resistance
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hot-tear resistance
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humidity resistance
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hydraulic resistance
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hydrodynamic resistance
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ice resistance
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impact resistance
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impulse resistance
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incremental resistance
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indentation resistance
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induced resistance
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input resistance
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insertion resistance
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insulation resistance
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interface-layer resistance
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interface resistance
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intergranular corrosion resistance
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internal resistance
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intrinsic corrosion resistance
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ionic resistance
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joint resistance
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junction resistance
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lateral resistance
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leadresistance
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leakage resistance
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light resistance
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linear resistance
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load resistance
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locomotive resistance
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loop resistance
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loss resistance
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low-frequency resistance
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lumped resistance
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magnetic resistance
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mass-transfer resistance
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mechanical resistance
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mildew fungus resistance
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mildew resistance
-
moisture resistance
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momentum resistance
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motional resistance
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naked-hull resistance
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negative phase-sequence resistance
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negative sequence resistance
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negative resistance
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net train resistance
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neutral resistance
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noise resistance
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nonlinear resistance
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normal resistance of superconductor
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off resistance
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ohmic resistance
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oil resistance
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on resistance
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optimum linearizing load resistance
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outflow resistance
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output resistance
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overall resistance
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oxidation resistance
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parallel resistance
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parasitie resistance
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peeling resistance
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picking resistance
-
plug resistance
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positive phase-sequence resistance
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positive sequence resistance
-
pressure resistance
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preventive resistance
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puncture resistance
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pure resistance
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radiation resistance
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radio-frequency resistance
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rail resistance
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rated resistance
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rated zero-power resistance
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real resistance
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reduced resistance
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relative wear resistance
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replica resistance
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residual resistance
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resonant resistance
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reverse resistance
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rf resistance
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rolling resistance
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roughness resistance
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rough-water resistance
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rub resistance
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running resistance
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sag resistance
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salt resistance
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scale resistance
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score resistance
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seismic resistance
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separation resistance
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series resistance
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setup resistance
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shearing resistance
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sheet resistance
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shock resistance
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shrink resistance
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shunt resistance
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shunt-breaking resistance
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skid resistance
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skirt contact resistance
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slag resistance
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sliding resistance
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slip resistance
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small-signal resistance
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snag resistance
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source resistance
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spalling resistance
-
specific magnetic resistance
-
specific resistance
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spray resistance
-
spring resistance
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stain resistance
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standard resistance
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starting resistance
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static resistance
-
streamline-flow resistance
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stress crack resistance
-
structure-footing resistance
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support resistance
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surface resistance
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surge resistance
-
switching wear resistance
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switch-off resistance
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switch-on resistance
-
takeoff resistance
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tear resistance
-
temperature resistance
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terminal resistance
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thermal contact resistance
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thermal resistance
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thermal shock resistance
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tire rolling resistance
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tool wear resistance
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torsional resistance
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total resistance
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towing resistance
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tracking resistance
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traction resistance
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train resistance
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train shunt resistance
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transient resistance
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true resistance
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turning resistance
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twisting resistance
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ultimate resistance
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vapor resistance
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variable resistance
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viscous resistance
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voltage-dependent resistance
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volume resistance
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vortex resistance
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wake traverse resistance
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water resistance
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water-contact resistance
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wave resistance
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wave-breaking resistance
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wave-forming resistance
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wear resistance
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weather resistance
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wet skid resistance
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wetting resistance
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white-rust resistance
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wind resistance
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wrinkle resistance
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yield resistance
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zero phase-sequence resistance
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zero-power resistance -
11 resistance
1) сопротивление
2) воспротивление
3) сопротивляемость
4) стойкость
5) токопроводный
6) <electr.> сопротивление активное
7) сопротивление омическое
8) устойчивость
9) резистанс
10) резистивный
– abrasion resistance
– acid resistance
– acoustic resistance
– adjusting resistance
– alternating-current resistance
– anode resistance
– antenna resistance
– atmosphere resistance
– attrition resistance
– back resistance
– ballast resistance
– bare-hull resistance
– cathode resistance
– channel resistance
– coating resistance
– collector resistance
– constant resistance
– contact resistance
– corrosion resistance
– creep resistance
– cubic resistance
– damping resistance
– dark resistance
– dead resistance
– diffusion resistance
– direct-current resistance
– discharge resistance
– distributed resistance
– drain resistance
– draught resistance
– exhaust resistance
– fatigue resistance
– field resistance
– fixed resistance
– form resistance
– friction resistance
– fuel resistance
– gate resistance
– glazing resistance
– go-and-return resistance
– grid resistance
– grounding resistance
– head resistance
– heat resistance
– heat-ageing resistance
– high-frequency resistance
– impact resistance
– incremental resistance
– input resistance
– insulation resistance
– interlamination resistance
– internal resistance
– junction resistance
– leak resistance
– leakage resistance
– light-ageing resistance
– lumped resistance
– mold resistance
– moment of resistance
– momentum resistance
– non-linear resistance
– ohmic resistance
– output resistance
– plate resistance
– plate-target resistance
– pore-diffusion resistance
– pressure resistance
– residuary resistance
– resistance balance
– resistance box
– resistance bridge
– resistance coil
– resistance coupling
– resistance heating
– resistance network
– resistance paper
– resistance pyrometer
– resistance to bending
– resistance to compression
– resistance to enzymes
– resistance to heat
– resistance to impact
– resistance to peeling
– resistance to wear
– resistance transducer
– resistance weld
– resistance welding
– resonance resistance
– roughness resistance
– saturation resistance
– series resistance
– short-circuit resistance
– shunt resistance
– slip resistance
– source resistance
– spray resistance
– standard resistance
– surface resistance
– thermal resistance
– total resistance
– tractive resistance
– variable resistance
– viscous resistance
– wave resistance
calculated line of resistance — расчетная линия сопротивления
diode conduction resistance — сопротивление диодного детектора
eddy-making resistance coefficient — коэффициент вихревого сопротивления
gated resistance network — управляемое цифровое сопротивление
line of least resistance — <phys.> линия наименьшего сопротивления
plug-type resistance box — штепсельный магазин сопротивлений
resistance to lateral bending — сопротивление продольному изгибу
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12 resistance
2) электр. активное [омическое] сопротивление3) сопротивляемость; стойкость•resistance to corrosion — коррозионная стойкость, устойчивость против коррозии
resistance to fracture — сопротивление излому, сопротивление разрушению
resistance to heat — теплостойкость; жароупорность, жаропрочность
resistance to shock — сопротивление удару, ударопрочность
resistance to wear — прочность на износ, износоустойчивость
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13 resistance
2) резистор3) стойкость, устойчивость4) бион невосприимчивость•- absolute minimum resistance
- ac resistance
- acoustic resistance
- ac plate resistance
- anode resistance
- antenna resistance
- armature resistance
- back resistance
- ballast resistance
- barrier resistance
- base resistance
- blocked resistance
- bulk resistance
- capacitor series resistance
- cathode-interface resistance
- cathode-interface layer resistance
- channel resistance
- chemical resistance
- closed-loop input resistance
- coil resistance
- cold resistance
- collector resistance
- collector leakage resistance
- collector saturation resistance
- common-mode resistance
- contact resistance
- copper resistance
- corona resistance
- critical resistance
- current-controlled negative resistance
- current-stable negative resistance
- dark resistance
- dc resistance
- dc copper resistance
- dc plate resistance
- differential-input resistance
- differential negative resistance
- diffusion resistance
- distributed resistance
- drain resistance
- dynamic resistance
- dynamic plate resistance
- effective resistance
- effective parallel resistance
- effective series resistance
- effective thermal resistance
- end resistance
- equivalent resistance
- equivalent differential input resistance
- equivalent noise resistance
- equivalent series resistance
- filament resistance
- flame resistance
- forward resistance
- gate resistance
- Hall resistance
- heat resistance
- heterojunction resistance
- high-frequency resistance
- hot resistance
- humidity resistance
- igniter-leakage resistance
- incremental resistance
- induced resistance
- input resistance
- insertion resistance
- insulation resistance
- interfacial resistance
- internal resistance
- junction resistance
- Koch resistance
- large-signal resistance
- lateral resistance
- lead resistance
- leakage resistance
- light resistance
- linear resistance
- line loop resistance
- load resistance
- longitudinal resistance
- loop resistance
- lumped resistance
- mesh resistance
- moisture resistance
- motional resistance
- mutual resistance
- negative resistance
- nonlinear resistance
- normal surface resistance
- N-type negative resistance
- ohmic resistance
- open-circuit stable negative resistance
- open-loop output resistance
- output resistance
- overall resistance
- quantized resistance
- quantum resistance
- parasitic resistance
- pure resistance
- radiation resistance
- real resistance
- reduced resistance
- reflected resistance
- residual resistance
- resonant resistance
- reverse resistance
- RF resistance
- saturation resistance
- series resistance
- sheet resistance
- short-circuit-stable negative resistance
- shunt resistance
- small-signal resistance
- source resistance
- specific resistance
- specific acoustic resistance
- spreading resistance
- standard resistance
- static resistance
- S-type negative resistance
- surface resistance
- surface insulation resistance
- swamp resistance
- swamping resistance
- tank resistance
- terminal resistance
- terminating resistance
- thermal resistance
- transistor input resistance
- transistor output resistance
- transposition resistance
- tropical resistance
- true resistance
- tube ac resistance
- tunneling resistance
- variable resistance
- voltage-controlled negative-resistance
- voltage-stable negative resistance -
14 resistance
2) резистор3) стойкость, устойчивость4) бион. невосприимчивость•- ac plate resistance
- ac resistance
- acoustic resistance
- anode resistance
- antenna resistance
- armature resistance
- back resistance
- ballast resistance
- barrier resistance
- base resistance
- blocked resistance
- bulk resistance
- capacitor series resistance
- cathode-interface layer resistance
- cathode-interface resistance
- channel resistance
- chemical resistance
- closed-loop input resistance
- coil resistance
- cold resistance
- collector leakage resistance
- collector resistance
- collector saturation resistance
- common-mode resistance
- contact resistance
- copper resistance
- corona resistance
- critical resistance
- current-controlled negative resistance
- current-stable negative resistance
- dark resistance
- dc copper resistance
- dc plate resistance
- dc resistance
- differential negative resistance
- differential-input resistance
- diffusion resistance
- distributed resistance
- drain resistance
- dynamic plate resistance
- dynamic resistance
- effective parallel resistance
- effective resistance
- effective series resistance
- effective thermal resistance
- end resistance
- equivalent differential input resistance
- equivalent noise resistance
- equivalent resistance
- equivalent series resistance
- filament resistance
- flame resistance
- forward resistance
- gate resistance
- Hall resistance
- heat resistance
- heterojunction resistance
- high-frequency resistance
- hot resistance
- humidity resistance
- igniter-leakage resistance
- incremental resistance
- induced resistance
- input resistance
- insertion resistance
- insulation resistance
- interfacial resistance
- internal resistance
- junction resistance
- Koch resistance
- large-signal resistance
- lateral resistance
- lead resistance
- leakage resistance
- light resistance
- line loop resistance
- linear resistance
- load resistance
- longitudinal resistance
- loop resistance
- lumped resistance
- mesh resistance
- moisture resistance
- motional resistance
- mutual resistance
- negative resistance
- nonlinear resistance
- normal surface resistance
- N-type negative resistance
- ohmic resistance
- open-circuit stable negative resistance
- open-loop output resistance
- output resistance
- overall resistance
- parasitic resistance
- pure resistance
- quantized resistance
- quantum resistance
- radiation resistance
- real resistance
- reduced resistance
- reflected resistance
- residual resistance
- resistance of ground path
- resonant resistance
- reverse resistance
- RF resistance
- saturation resistance
- series resistance
- sheet resistance
- short-circuit-stable negative resistance
- shunt resistance
- small-signal resistance
- source resistance
- specific acoustic resistance
- specific resistance
- spreading resistance
- standard resistance
- static resistance
- S-type negative resistance
- surface insulation resistance
- surface resistance
- swamp resistance
- swamping resistance
- tank resistance
- terminal resistance
- terminating resistance
- thermal resistance
- transistor input resistance
- transistor output resistance
- transposition resistance
- tropical resistance
- true resistance
- tube ac resistance
- tunneling resistance
- variable resistance
- voltage-controlled negative resistance
- voltage-stable negative resistanceThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > resistance
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15 Smeaton, John
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 8 June 1724 Austhorpe, near Leeds, Yorkshire, Englandd. 28 October 1792 Austhorpe, near Leeds, Yorkshire, England[br]English mechanical and civil engineer.[br]As a boy, Smeaton showed mechanical ability, making for himself a number of tools and models. This practical skill was backed by a sound education, probably at Leeds Grammar School. At the age of 16 he entered his father's office; he seemed set to follow his father's profession in the law. In 1742 he went to London to continue his legal studies, but he preferred instead, with his father's reluctant permission, to set up as a scientific instrument maker and dealer and opened a shop of his own in 1748. About this time he began attending meetings of the Royal Society and presented several papers on instruments and mechanical subjects, being elected a Fellow in 1753. His interests were turning towards engineering but were informed by scientific principles grounded in careful and accurate observation.In 1755 the second Eddystone lighthouse, on a reef some 14 miles (23 km) off the English coast at Plymouth, was destroyed by fire. The President of the Royal Society was consulted as to a suitable engineer to undertake the task of constructing a new one, and he unhesitatingly suggested Smeaton. Work began in 1756 and was completed in three years to produce the first great wave-swept stone lighthouse. It was constructed of Portland stone blocks, shaped and pegged both together and to the base rock, and bonded by hydraulic cement, scientifically developed by Smeaton. It withstood the storms of the English Channel for over a century, but by 1876 erosion of the rock had weakened the structure and a replacement had to be built. The upper portion of Smeaton's lighthouse was re-erected on a suitable base on Plymouth Hoe, leaving the original base portion on the reef as a memorial to the engineer.The Eddystone lighthouse made Smeaton's reputation and from then on he was constantly in demand as a consultant in all kinds of engineering projects. He carried out a number himself, notably the 38 mile (61 km) long Forth and Clyde canal with thirty-nine locks, begun in 1768 but for financial reasons not completed until 1790. In 1774 he took charge of the Ramsgate Harbour works.On the mechanical side, Smeaton undertook a systematic study of water-and windmills, to determine the design and construction to achieve the greatest power output. This work issued forth as the paper "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills" and exerted a considerable influence on mill design during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1753 and 1790 Smeaton constructed no fewer than forty-four mills.Meanwhile, in 1756 he had returned to Austhorpe, which continued to be his home base for the rest of his life. In 1767, as a result of the disappointing performance of an engine he had been involved with at New River Head, Islington, London, Smeaton began his important study of the steam-engine. Smeaton was the first to apply scientific principles to the steam-engine and achieved the most notable improvements in its efficiency since its invention by Newcomen, until its radical overhaul by James Watt. To compare the performance of engines quantitatively, he introduced the concept of "duty", i.e. the weight of water that could be raised 1 ft (30 cm) while burning one bushel (84 lb or 38 kg) of coal. The first engine to embody his improvements was erected at Long Benton colliery in Northumberland in 1772, with a duty of 9.45 million pounds, compared to the best figure obtained previously of 7.44 million pounds. One source of heat loss he attributed to inaccurate boring of the cylinder, which he was able to improve through his close association with Carron Ironworks near Falkirk, Scotland.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1753.Bibliography1759, "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.Towards the end of his life, Smeaton intended to write accounts of his many works but only completed A Narrative of the Eddystone Lighthouse, 1791, London.Further ReadingS.Smiles, 1874, Lives of the Engineers: Smeaton and Rennie, London. A.W.Skempton, (ed.), 1981, John Smeaton FRS, London: Thomas Telford. L.T.C.Rolt and J.S.Allen, 1977, The Steam Engine of Thomas Newcomen, 2nd edn, Hartington: Moorland Publishing, esp. pp. 108–18 (gives a good description of his work on the steam-engine).LRD
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